United States Public Law

Select Clauses from United States Pub­lic Law 103 – 150

Full text for UNITED STATES PUBLIC LAW 103 – 150

Joint Res­o­lu­tion to acknowl­edge the 100^th anniver­sary of the Jan­u­ary 17, 1893 over­throw of the King­dom of Hawai’i, and to offer an apol­ogy to Native Hawai­ians on behalf of the United States for the over­throw of the King­dom of Hawai’i.

Para­graph 1

Whereas, prior to the arrival of the first Euro­pean in 1778, the Native Hawai­ian peo­ple lived in a highly orga­nized, self-sufficient, sub­sis­tent social sys­tem based on com­mu­nal land tenure with a sophis­ti­cated lan­guage, cul­ture and religion;

Para­graph 3

Whereas, from 1826 until 1893, the United States rec­og­nized the inde­pen­dence of the King­dom of Hawai’i, extended full and com­plete diplo­matic recog­ni­tion to the Hawai­ian gov­ern­ment, and entered into treaties and con­ven­tions with the Hawai­ian monarch to gov­ern com­merce and nav­i­ga­tion in 1826, 1842, 1849, 1875 and 1887;

Para­graph 8

Whereas, the United States Min­is­ter there­upon extended diplo­matic recog­ni­tion to the pro­vi­sional gov­ern­ment that was formed by the con­spir­a­tors with­out the con­sent of the Native Hawai­ian peo­ple or the law­ful gov­ern­ment of Hawai’i and in vio­la­tion of treaties between the two nations and of inter­na­tional law;

Para­graph 29

Whereas, the indige­nous Hawai­ian peo­ple never directly relin­quished their sov­er­eignty as a peo­ple or over their national lands to the United States, either through their monar­chy or through a plebiscite or referendum;

Para­graph 41

[The Con­gress] expresses its com­mit­ment to acknowl­edge the ram­i­fi­ca­tions of the over­throw of the King­dom of Hawai’i in order to pro­vide the proper foun­da­tion for rec­on­cil­i­a­tion between the United States and the Native Hawai­ian people.